Critique Defining Art And Artworlds By Stephen Davies

Critique â€Å"Defining Art and Artworlds† In the article â€Å"Defining Art and Artworlds† by Stephen Davies from The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, published in fall 2015, informs the readers that â€Å"[m]any of the late twentieth-century definitions of art were prompted by the challenge of controversial avant-garde works.† There are many contributions to consider before identifying any specific piece as a piece of art. Establishing what exactly qualifies an art-piece will develop further contributions to the artworld, whether it is because of the piece’s aesthetic, skill, genre, intention, or tradition. A definitions suggests that something is art if it displays advanced skill-work to achieve significant beauty to the extent that it makes a vital contribution to its primary function, falls under a genre or form of identified art and within an art tradition, or was intended by its certified maker to be art. There are flaws, these definitions a llow the possibility of: something being art even if it falls outside all artworlds, a piece’s location can become sufficient for the piece to become art, or art being self-conscious. Artworlds are â€Å"different art traditions latched onto different prehistoric art cohorts†¦what makes them all artworlds is their origins in first art.† Artworlds become autonomous and can be take many directions. (1) The main idea of this article is that an adequate definition for â€Å"art† must be developed to accommodate the artworld’s efforts, since

Analysis of A Poison Tree Essay - 1370 Words

In his work, Songs of Innocence and Experience: Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul, William Blake uses the aforementioned contrasting states of being to illustrate his unique view of the world around him. Through this work, Blake lays bare his soulful views of religion and ethics, daring the reader to continue on in their narcissistic attitudes and self-serving politics. While Blakes work had countless themes, some of the most prevalent were religious reform, social change, and morality. Philosophically, one would think that William Blake was a Deist; however Blake rejected the Deist view of life. He was a devout Christian, yet he also wanted nothing to do with the church or their teachings. These views give Blake a†¦show more content†¦Apple is full of poison, enemy is dead. The end. Nevertheless, Blake is famous for are his multi-layered works. Poems that are simple at first glance, yet they take you deeper and deeper the more you delve. Similarly, A Poison Tree, demonstrates the emotional as well as spiritual toll that the repression of feelings, in this case anger, can take on an individual. The poem, originally titled Christian Forbearance, was aptly named because it dealt with the Christian G-d and the virtues that He tried to instill in man, one of those virtues being forbearance (Gleckner, 255). Forbearance, or a lack thereof, is clearly illustrated in this work. This style of narrative takes the reader on a journey from innocence into experience, which parallels the fall of man. In the same way that the Bible tells of how Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden of Eden and their subsequent separation from G-d, so too does this poem tell of how man and his suppression of feeling leads to a separation from the mind and soul. Symbolic on a religious level, the tree represents the Tree of Knowledge, while the apple signifies the forbidden fruit. The speaker represents human life (Adam and Eve). While the foe repre sents the snake or temptation. The death at the end of the poem results from the loss of innocence and full blown hatred, which is sometimes akin to love. Throughout the poem, the tone and the language that the speaker uses makes it obvious that theShow MoreRelatedA Poison Tree Analysis918 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the poem â€Å"A poison tree† by William Blake I am going to write about and analyse the poem â€Å"A poison tree† by William Blake. The poem †A poison tree† was written by William Blake in 1794 as a collection of poems as Songs of Experience. â€Å"A poison tree† is about humanity ´s hatred upon other people, and finally getting vengeance. Although it is a short poem, Blake clearly gives every sentence a whole meaning. Containing only 4 stanzas and 16 lines. The rhyme scheme used is: a aRead MoreA Poison Tree Analysis858 Words   |  4 Pagesthing in overcoming these situations and challenges in life. This idea can be seen in many pieces of text including the following poems. â€Å"A Poison Tree† by William Blake and â€Å"A total stranger one black day† by e.e. cummings both convey the message that people need to learn to forgive in order to move on which also means learning from mistakes. Through â€Å"A Poison Tree,† William Blake conveys that people need to learn to forgive in order to move on and this means learning from mistakes. The use of endRead MoreA Poison Tree Analysis Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Analysis of William Blake’s A Poison Tree (1794) Analysis of William Blake’s A Poison Tree (1794) Jayne Courtney Kendall Brandman University Abstract This analysis is going to explore each segment to better understand the meaning the author was trying to express and the lessons that we in these words that transcends through all ages. The exploration and analysis will look further in to what we can take away from this writing and lesson we can learn in order for our soul’sRead MoreStylistic Analysis of Poison Tree869 Words   |  4 PagesA Poison Tree a poem by William Blake I was angry with my friend; I told my wrath, my wrath did end. I was angry with my foe: I told it not, my wrath did grow. And I watered it in fears, Night and morning with my tears: And I sunned it with smiles, And with soft deceitful wiles. And it grew both day and night, Till it bore an apple bright. And my foe beheld it shine, And he knew that it was mine. And into my garden stole. When the night had veiled the pole; In the morningRead More Analysis of William Blakes A Poison Tree Essay530 Words   |  3 PagesIn â€Å"A Poison Tree,† by William Blake is a central metaphor explains a truth of human nature. The opening stanza sets up everything for the entire poem, from the ending of anger with the â€Å"friend,† to the continuing anger with the â€Å"foe.† Blake startles the reader with the clarity of the poem, and with metaphors that can apply to many instances of life. Blake also uses several forms of figurative language. He works with a simple AABB rhyme scheme to keep his poem flowing. These ideals allow himRead MoreCritical Analysis Of William Blakes A Poison Tree926 Words   |  4 Pagesillustrated in William Blake’s poem â€Å"A Poison Tree.† This poem directs the readers to the importance of communication and willingness to forgive. The moment the speaker refuses to communicate his or her anger is the point in which the cultivation of the wrath begins. By looking at the concealment of the wrath and the opposition between communication and concealment in addition to the structure developed by tension we see the metaphorical growth of the wrath as if it were a tree. This leads us to understandRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allen Poe And A Poison Tree By William Blake860 Words   |  4 Pagessafe? Have you done anything? Think again, even the little things. Sometimes you may never know. Hopefully you dont end up like these two ill-fa ted men that were suddenly murdered. In the texts â€Å"The Cask Of Amantiatio† by Edgar Allen Poe and â€Å"A Poison Tree† by William Blake, They plotted their murders carefully and made sure nobody would find out it was them. Edgar Allen Poe and William Blake show that revenge can come as a shock because sometimes appearance hides reality. There are two literary devicesRead MoreEssay on The Message Behind A Poison Tree1077 Words   |  5 Pages(Eaves). The poem that I have analyzed is A Poison Tree. Blake strategically placed imagery and personification to hide his underlying truth; do not store up anger because horrible situations will arise. At first glance the poem seems hate filled and that he just wrote it out of revenge or angst, but in reality he is teaching a moral lesson that should be taken very seriously. Blake’s structure in the poem is interesting in its symbolism. He wrote A Poison Tree in four stanzas. Upon first glance it seemsRead MoreThe Unknown Citizen By. Auden1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe Unknown Citizen Analysis The Unknown Citizen, written by W.H. Auden, is a satirical poem declaring the petty accomplishments achieved by an unnamed citizen in a presumably American or industrialized society. Through several readings of the poem, many would not even consider the Unknown Citizen as a poem, but rather, a letter of recommendation or a speech for a political election. The only obvious characteristic of this piece resembling a poem is the rhyming scheme. Other than rhyming, thereRead MoreThe Use of Symbolism in Rappaccinis Daughter1295 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of Symbolism in Rappaccinis Daughter Nathaniel Hawthornes work is unique. His writings are full of subtle imagination, analysis, and poetic wording. His short stories are known for their originality and for their ability to provoke the readers thoughts. Although a large portion of his stories are allegories, Hawthornes preference is to draw more heavily on symbolism (Pennell 13). His use of symbols adds depth to his stories and helps to reveal different aspects of his characters

Human Centred Security and Privacy Research †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Centred Security and Privacy Research. Answer: Introduction Every user, business unit and Government is associated with a lot of data and information in the present scenario of digitalization. There are numerous web-based and cloud computing applications that are being used by all of these entities for a variety of different purposes. As a result, there are many security risks and concerns that have emerged which are required to be managed, controlled and dealt with. Victorian Protective Data Security Framework abbreviated as VPDSF is a Victorian Government security initiative that has been brought forward to keep the public sector unit of Victoria safe from all the security occurrences. Public sector units carry out a lot many operations and activities which are open to many security risks. VPDSF has three major elements in terms of the security definition and protocols, assurance model in association with security and many supporting guides and references to move ahead in the direction of security. The report also covers many of the areas f or protection against the security events and threats. There are certain security risks and concerns that have a low likelihood or a low impact. In case of the VIC Government, the data security risks that may take place will have the potential to cause damage to the public and private information sects associated with the public sector unit of Victoria. There are two such security attacks that have a high exposure in association with the VIC Government. Insider threats may be carried out by the internal employees of the various organizations belonging to the public sector unit in Victoria. These internal entities will be aware of the data security policies and mechanisms being applied and may take advantage of the same to cause damage to the properties of the information sets. In addition to the same, there may also be attacks on the information availability with the execution of the flooding attacks (Cpdp, 2016). Risks with Medium Exposure The next category of the attacks is the risks with medium risk exposure. There may be cases of information and data breaches that may take place along with the occurrences which may lead to the leakage of the information in front of the unauthorized entities. The integrity of the information is one of the properties that may get violated with the integrity attacks such as message alteration, media alteration or changes in the properties of the data packets. The access points in the network may be utilized for this purpose which may impact the information present in the databases or the one under transmission as well. Some security risks may lead to the damage to the information properties of personal and sensitive information sets. There are tighter legal policies that are associated with these information sets and the security attack in turn may lead to the emergence of further risks in form of legal risks and regulatory obligations. There are initiatives that VIC Government has taken to provide additional protection to these sensitive data sets and therefore, the likelihood of the occurrence is not very high. Public sector units in VIC Government have many people deployed at various levels in the technical, operational and managerial departments. Due to the presence of so many activities and the need to execute so many different processes, there may be technical or operational errors that may be executed. These may lead to some permanent damage which may not be roll-backed. Such risks are therefore placed in this category (Dang-Pham, 2017). Data and information security attacks that are given shape by the attackers involve a lot many threat agents. There are also different motives and benefits that are involved with each of such occurrence. The case is same with VIC Government that may become victim to many of the information security attacks. These occurrences have been put in two categories on the basis of the motive of the attacker that is involved. These risks may be deliberately caused or may be caused by an accidental step. Deliberate Threats Accidental Threats In these forms of attacks on data and information security, the primary motive of the attack is to cause intentional damage to the contents and properties of the data sets. In these forms of attacks on data and information security, the primary motive of the attack is to not to cause intentional damage to the contents and properties of the data sets. These are cause by an accident. The damage and the outcomes of these attacks can be extremely severe in a negative manner. These attacks may have no or low impact or may also have a permanent damage with a severe impact The time of execution of these attacks is determined in advance and these are planned to be triggered at specific duration. The time of execution of these attacks is not known or planned as they are caused by accident. Flooding attacks such as denial of service and distributed denial of service and other availability attacks (Kaynar, 2016) Malware attacks such as the ones caused by triggering and launch of a virus or worm. Network based security attacks such as man in the middle attacks, eavesdropping attack etc. Information loss or leakage due to an operation error or a deviation from the regular path. Information breaching by an external entity due to exposure of private information. Attacks that are caused by the internal employees of the agencies and organizations can fall in any of these two threat categories. It is because of the reason that there may be certain insiders that may cause deliberate damage by giving shape to the information and data security risks. Insider attacks may also come in the category of the accidental risks and attacks. There may be certain insiders that may cause unintentional damage by giving shape to the information and data security risks due to an accident. Irrespective of the type of the security risk or an attack, it is necessary to control and prevent the same. The VIC Government has also carried out an analysis on the possible deliberate and accidental threats and has therefore, developed measures to prevent and detect these risks. There are also various other organizations and departments that have carried out successful steps and strategies to control these attacks. One such entity is the Department of Homeland security that has successfully controlled the various deliberate and accidental threats and attacks. There is a step by step procedure that was followed in this case. In the initial step, there was an analysis that was carried out to identify and classify the attacks in each of the two categories. In the next step, there were mitigation guidelines and strategies that were developed and identified to put a check on the security occurrences that were identified. It was concluded that the deliberate attacks were intentional and planned in advanced and therefore, they had the potential to cause damage that was severe in most cases as compared to the accidental attacks. There were many security gaps that were highlighted by the Department of Homeland Security in its analysis phase. The department as a result, implemented many automated solutions to resolve the gaps that were discovered. Training sessions were also conducted to improve the knowledge of the insiders. It is recommended for the VIC Government to follow a similar policy such that the security gaps are listed and identified and there are measures developed and implemented in accordance with the same (Korzhik, 2003). Security/Risk Management Execution Possible Challenges and Issues Management of the security risks can be done by adopting different methods and techniques. Some of these methods may include the resources that may be internal in nature while there are certain measures that be taken which may involve the use of external resources and entities. The aim in both the cases will be to put a stop on the security risks and occurrences. In case of the internal methodology, it will be decided to make use of the in-house development processes to give rise to the required security controls and protocols. The security infrastructure in the VIC Government will thereafter make use of all these controls developed. The resources in terms of tools, equipment, processes and human resources that will be used in this methodology will be entirely internal in nature. There are specific set of challenges that are associated with these methods. There may be insufficient skills and inadequate knowledge that may be witnessed which may lead to the compromise of security. The human resources that will be working on the development process will have additional information on the security framework which may be misused by them. There may be technical failures that may lead to breakdown. There may be operational errors that may cause permanent damage. The second methodology that has been recommended in association with the VIC Government is the use and application of the external methods and resources. In this case, the best possible method will be the use of outsourcing process. In this process, the third-parties will be contacted to develop and implement the necessary security protocols. The external method will cost more than the internal method and there may be a number of additional costs involved (Bertino, 2015). There may be deviations that may be observed in terms of the functional and non-functional requirements. The production data and information may be played with. The changes that will be introduced with the adaptation of any of these two processes will be common. These will give rise to a lot many migration challenges in terms of change planning and management of these changes. Comparison of Risks and Uncertainties Risk and uncertainty are the two terms that are often used inter-changeably. However, there is a vast difference between the two terms, their meaning and their results. Risk is a term that refers to the event or an occurrence that is predictable and can therefore be controlled as well. The impacts that a risk may have may be positive but are usually negative in nature. There are many of the data and information security risks that may be executed by the attackers in association with the VIC Government. These risks may have a varying degree of impact as the impact may be low or exactly opposite of it. There are two security attacks that have a high exposure in association with the VIC Government. Insider threats may be carried out by the internal employees of the various organizations belonging to the public sector unit in Victoria. In addition to the same, there may also be attacks on the information availability with the execution of the flooding attacks. There may be cases of information and data breaches that may take place along with the occurrences which may lead to the leakage of the information in front of the unauthorized entities. The integrity of the information is one of the properties that may get violated with the integrity attacks such as message alteration, media alteration or changes in the properties of the data packets. Some of the security events may lead to the emergence of legal and regulatory risks with medium-low impact. Due to the presence of so many activit ies and the need to execute so many different processes, there may be technical or operational errors that may be executed. These may lead to some permanent damage which may not be roll-backed. Such risks are therefore placed in this category of low-impact risks (Pernebekova, 2015). Uncertainties are referred to the occurrences and events that are not predictable and because of the same reason; it is difficult to put any control on these occurrences. One such event may be the changes in the rules defined by the Government in terms of the regulatory processes of legal policies that are set up. With changes in the terms and conditions of these policies, there will be direct impact on the agencies and organizations connected with the same. VIC Government is made up of hundreds of agencies and organizations that adapt these policies in their framework and have developed their security profile accordingly. With such uncertain events, there will be modifications that will become mandatory to be executed which may lead to the violation of security. Risk Control and Mitigation The first approach that has been suggested for VIC Government is the administrative approach that involves the use of advanced measures in the security administration. The overall security status and scenario is based upon the policies and plans that have been implemented in association with the data and information security. It is therefore necessary to have advanced administrative policies and measures in place. This approach suggests the use and implementation of the automated tools for security administration such as security audits, security reviews and inspections. These tools will provide the administrators with an automated process to carry out these activities. The VIC Government shall also make sure that the security administrators have a correct mix of skills and knowledge. The second approach that has been recommended to the VIC Government is the use of technical approach and methods (Joshi, 2017). There are a lot many technical tools that are automated in nature and are built using the latest technology. These tools shall be installed and implemented in the agencies and organizations that are governed by the VIC Government to detect, prevent and control the attacks on the information confidentiality, integrity and availability. These tools will also minimize the occurrence of the network based attacks as the network activities will be captured at a non-stop basis. Physical Security Approach for Risk Mitigation Data and information that is associated with the VIC Government is placed at the data centres, workstations of the employees, cloud databases, server rooms and various other physical and virtual environments (Shamala, 2013). The third approach that has been recommended for the security and risk mitigation is the physical security approach. It will make use of the physical entities at all the access and entry points to manage the access and identity. Out of the three approaches that have been suggested, the one that is recommended is the technical approach. This approach has been recommended as it will provide the VIC Government with the latest technology and tools to deal with the security risks and attacks. Also, there shall be an update on the administrative and physical security that shall also be done to strengthen the security framework (Renaud, 2017). Conclusion The data security risks that may take place in the VIC Government may impact three primary properties of information as confidentiality, availability and integrity. It is required to develop mechanisms to control all of these risks and the use of technical approach towards security will serve the purpose. It will include the latest set of security tools and equipment that will not only identify the security risks but will also lead to the control and prevention of the risks (Elci, 2015). References Bertino, E. (2015). Security and privacy of electronic health information systems. International Journal Of Information Security, 14(6), 485-486. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10207-015-0303-z Cpdp. (2016). Victorian Protective Data Security Framework. Retrieved 28 August 2017, from https://www.cpdp.vic.gov.au/images/content/pdf/data_security/20160628%20VPDSF%20Framework%20June%202016%20v1.0.pdf Dang-Pham, D. (2017). Exploring behavioral information security networks in an organizational context: An empirical case study. Journal Of Information Security And Applications, 34, 46-62. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2016.06.002 Elci, A. (2015). Editorial: Special issue on security of information and networks. Journal Of Information Security And Applications, 22, 1-2. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2015.06.002 Joshi, C. (2017). Information security risks management framework A step towards mitigating security risks in university network. Journal Of Information Security And Applications, 35, 128-137. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2017.06.006 Kaynar, K. (2016). A taxonomy for attack graph generation and usage in network security. Journal Of Information Security And Applications, 29, 27-56. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2016.02.001 Korzhik, V. (2003). Hybrid authentication based on noisy channels. International Journal Of Information Security, 1(4), 203-210. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10207-002-0017-x Pernebekova, A. (2015). Information Security and the Theory of Unfaithful Information. Journal Of Information Security, 06(04), 265-272. https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jis.2015.64026 Renaud, K. (2017). Contemplating human-centred security privacy research: Suggesting future directions. Journal Of Information Security And Applications, 34, 76-81. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2017.05.006 Shamala, P. (2013). A conceptual framework of info structure for information security risk assessment (ISRA). Journal Of Information Security And Applications, 18(1), 45-52. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2013.07.002

The Classic 1972 Summit Series Essay Essay Example

The Classic 1972 Summit Series Essay Essay The 1972 Canada-Soviet Hockey Series was possibly the most dramatic athleticss event in Canadian history. Before the series came into being. the Soviet’s demonstrated that they were a tower of strength by winning 11 of 12 Olympic and World Championships from 1963 to 1973. However. Canadians believed that the Soviets would lose to Canadian professionals. The 1972 Super Series was the chance for Canada’s â€Å"best† to turn out their laterality over the Soviets. Charles Hay ( President Hockey Canada 1972 ) was quoted by stating. â€Å"At long last we are disputing the Soviets with a squad of Canada’s best hockey participants. and portion with all Canadians our pride in being represented by this superb group of immature work forces playing our national game. † This series would set the Soviet â€Å"amateurs† against Canada’s professionals. It has made a immense portion of history in Canadian hockey and will be remembered for old ages to c ome. We will write a custom essay sample on The Classic 1972 Summit Series Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Classic 1972 Summit Series Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Classic 1972 Summit Series Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The dramatic series consisted of an eight game series with four games being played in Canada and four games in Moscow. Unfortunately. the Soviets came out of Canada with a little lead in the series and headed back to Moscow for the following four games with place advantage. After losing the first game in Moscow. this put Canada in a tough place to win the following 3 games to win the series. Brian McFarlane from Hockey Night in Canada quoted. â€Å"I still experience Team Canada has superior single participants. Their corporate experience. and more than that their pride. will force them to triumph. But they must non take foolish punishments. Fast line alterations and consistent bow checking are the keys. particularly against participants like Kharlamov and Petrov. I think we’ll hold a little border when it’s all over. † The Canadians did in fact win it and that is why this unbelievable series played by two great squads made it such a memorable event. How could people bury the great goaltending Vladislav Tretiak provided for the Soviets! Or even the barbarous cut that Bobby Clarke laid on the Soviets star participant Valeriy Kharmalov’s mortise joint! Besides who could bury Phil Esposito endangering the referee with his stick! One memory that will neer be forgotten would hold to be when the Canadian participants had to deliver Alan Eagleson from the boisterous Soviet fans! All of these particular minutes that happened during the series assisted in doing this event a particular classic. This 1972 Super Series was and still is a authoritative. Similar to a authoritative novel or film. people remember the stoping. Paul Henderson’s winning end ended the 8th game winning the series for Canada. This made him a national hero. There are other illustrations that made this a authoritative series. Recently. the media took advantage of this series and made a particular Television series about it. There is besides a DVD made to advance the 1972 series. The one chief thing that makes it a authoritative is that people still talk about it 35 old ages subsequently merely like it happened yesterday. When one thinks of great international hockey. conversation normally comes up about the 1972 Super Series between Canada and the USSR. Charles Hay’s quotation mark in the debut paragraph negotiations about how Canadians had high outlooks for the participants that represented Canada. Canada did win the series. but it brought on a high regard for Soviet hockey that was non at that place earlier. The 1972 series was an electrifying spectacle of all time to blossom in Canadian spheres and got infinite 1000000s to watch the two states conflict it out. This series created an intense competition between Canada and Russia. which is still present to this twenty-four hours. Recently. the Canada/Russia competition continued with an eight game series between the best junior participants from each state. There was an effort to retroflex the authoritative 1972 series. but the ballyhoo was merely non at that place and most likely neer will be. The Canadians won this series rather conveniently. As people had high outlooks for the 1972 squad to rule the Russians. the 2007 squad showed great accomplishment and that they were the better squad. Everyone knows that the 1972 Super Series is a authoritative. and ever will be a great authoritative. Bibliography 1. Littler. H. ( 1974 ) . 1974 Canada Vs Russia. Toronto: C. A. H. A. Services. 2. 1972 Summit Series. ( 1972 ) . Hockey Canada: C. A. H. A. Services. 3. Marsh. J. ( 1985 ) . In The Canadian Encyclopedia ( vol. 2. pp. 823-824 ) . Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers Ltd.

History Of Drums Essay Research Paper History free essay sample

History Of Drums Essay, Research Paper History of Drums OutlineA ) The history of the drumset. -General intent. My general intent is to explicate where the different parts of the drumset have originated and evolved over the old ages. -Specific intent. To demo all of the different parts and where they come from. -Central thought. To demo that the parts of the drumset were non adapted from merely Africa.I. Introduction.a ) Many people have the misconception that the modern drumset originated from merely the African bongos.b ) In world, they came from many countries.c ) I? ll show the constituents of the drumset, so explicate where they originated, and how they have evolved.II. I would wish to get down off with the cymbals.a ) There are many types of cymbals.b ) The most basic types are clang, splash, drive, and hi-hat.c ) Each type has a distinguishable sound, based on the size of the cymbal. We will write a custom essay sample on History Of Drums Essay Research Paper History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page d ) The clang is the loudest, because the bell, the higher raised piece of the cymbal, really small.e ) The drive is the lowest, because of its big width.f ) The splash has the smallest breadth, hence, the highest pitch.g ) The Hi-hat, are two cymbals mounted on there ain base, separated about an inch from each other.h ) The history of cymbals.1. The earliest is from the Greek? s Kumbalan, really little cymbals attached to there fingers that sounded like bells.2. Subsequently, the Jewish made their ain version, enchantress was really near to modern processing cymbals.3 ) I would now like to convey your attending to the toms.III. The Toms a ) The Toms are normally mounted to the drumset or to their ain particular base. B ) The Toms used in a drumset are the closest to an African membranophone, but they really have closer to Scottish roots.1. The Scots had their ain type of membranophone which had one membranophone caput, and was tacked on, which didn? t allow much easiness for tuning. 2. England wanted there ain type of membranophone and was reasonably much the same membranophone, except it had two caputs and were mounted on with rope in a zigzag manner, as you can see. Outline23. In the late 1800? s, people started utilizing different sizes of membranophones for higher and lower tones.IV. The trap drum.a ) The last membranophone and most complex, is the snare.b ) The trap has gone through the most alterations, but it has its roots chiefly from the tom.c ) The trap has a strainer stretched across the bottom caput, but is fundamentally the same as a tom.d ) In the early 1930? s, Buddy Rich started doing different sized traps which helped with cleansing agent axial rotations and higher tuning.V. conclusion.a ) I hope I have enlightened you in the history of the drumset, and cleared up any inquiries you have with the different pieces of the drumset. Thank you for listening, and I hope you have enjoyed my address as much as I have yours. History of Drums OutlineA) The history of the drumset. -General purpose. My general purpose is to explain where the different parts of the drumset have originated and evolved over the years. -Specific purpose. To show all of the different parts and where they come from. -Central idea. To show that the parts of the drumset were not adapted from only Africa.I. Introduction.a) Many people have the misconception that the modern drumset originated from only the African bongos.b) In reality, they came from many countries.c) I?ll show the components of the drumset, then explain where they originated,and how they have evolved.II. I would like to start off with the cymbals.a) There are many types of cymbals.b) The most basic types are crash, splash, ride, and hi-hat.c) Each type has a distinct sound, based on the size of the cymbal.d) The crash is the loudest, because the bell, the higher raised piece of the cymbal, very small.e) The ride is the lowest, because of its large width.f) The splash has the smallest width, therefore, the highest pitch.g) The Hi-hat, are two cymbals mounted on there own stand, separated about an inch from each other.h) The history of cymbals.1. The earliest is from the Greek?s Kumbalan, very small cymbals attached to there fingers that sounded like bells.2. Later, the Jewish made their own version, witch was very close to modern marching cymbals.3) I would now like to bring your attention to the toms.III. The toms a)The toms are usually mounted to the drumset or to their own special stand. b)The toms used in a drumset are the closest to an African drum, but they actually have closer to Scottish roots.1. The Scottish had their own type of drum which had one drum head, and was tacked on, which didn?t allow much ease for tuning.2. England wanted there own type of drum and was pretty much the same drum, except it had two heads and were mounted on with rope in a zigzag fashion, as you can see. Outline23. In the late 1800 ?s, people started using different sizes of drums for higher and lower tones.IV. The snare drum.a) The last drum and most complex, is the snare.b) The snare has gone through the most changes, but it has its roots mainly from the tom.c) The snare has a strainer stretched across the bottom head, but is basically the same as a tom.d) In the early 1930?s, Buddy Rich started making different sized snares which helped with cleaner rolls and higher tuning.V. conclusion.a) I hope I have enlightened you in the history of the drumset, and cleared up any questions you have with the different pieces of the drumset. Thank you for listening, and I hope you have enjoyed my speech as much as I have yours.

Free Essays on Poe’s “Mask Of The Red Death” Can Be Interpreted As An Allegory Of Life Itself

In the â€Å"Mask of the Red Death† Poe uses many symbols to create links to the living world. Through the use of setting, objects of human manufacture and the metaphors associated with many of these objects, Poe creates a realistic setting in which to teach us a lesson about life or death. The use of the rooms as a progression through life, their offset placement not allowing a view of what is to come, the eerie chiming count down of the clock, and the last and blackest of rooms as Prince Prospero final resting place are all ways in which Poe uses symbols to create and allegory to life. The rooms and their color are essential in that through the use of color they convey our mortality. The progressively darkening colors can be seen a stages of life. When we are young all is bright and new but as we grow older the color starts to fade until nothing is left and all is black. The Red Death completes this journey, appearing in the first room and making his way through the crowd to the to the final and blackest of rooms. Even the placement of the clock in the last room can be interpreted as a symbol that time is up life is over. The placement of the rooms is essential in a way that they don’t allow you to cheat in the view. Just as in life you are rarely allowed a glimpse of what is to come the rooms with their offset nature allow no view of each other. To find out what is around the corner you must make the journey through the room you are in and progress to the next just as in life. Without this journey or progression none of us would grow in mind or thought and thus be confined to the same color and position for all our days. Even the cardinal direction of the last room can be seen as an end to our time here. Its west-facing window is doomed to see the setting of the sun always; no dawn or new ray of life will ever enter into the blackness. The placement of the clock it the final room is yet another allegory of life. ... Free Essays on Poe’s â€Å"Mask Of The Red Death† Can Be Interpreted As An Allegory Of Life Itself Free Essays on Poe’s â€Å"Mask Of The Red Death† Can Be Interpreted As An Allegory Of Life Itself In the â€Å"Mask of the Red Death† Poe uses many symbols to create links to the living world. Through the use of setting, objects of human manufacture and the metaphors associated with many of these objects, Poe creates a realistic setting in which to teach us a lesson about life or death. The use of the rooms as a progression through life, their offset placement not allowing a view of what is to come, the eerie chiming count down of the clock, and the last and blackest of rooms as Prince Prospero final resting place are all ways in which Poe uses symbols to create and allegory to life. The rooms and their color are essential in that through the use of color they convey our mortality. The progressively darkening colors can be seen a stages of life. When we are young all is bright and new but as we grow older the color starts to fade until nothing is left and all is black. The Red Death completes this journey, appearing in the first room and making his way through the crowd to the to the final and blackest of rooms. Even the placement of the clock in the last room can be interpreted as a symbol that time is up life is over. The placement of the rooms is essential in a way that they don’t allow you to cheat in the view. Just as in life you are rarely allowed a glimpse of what is to come the rooms with their offset nature allow no view of each other. To find out what is around the corner you must make the journey through the room you are in and progress to the next just as in life. Without this journey or progression none of us would grow in mind or thought and thus be confined to the same color and position for all our days. Even the cardinal direction of the last room can be seen as an end to our time here. Its west-facing window is doomed to see the setting of the sun always; no dawn or new ray of life will ever enter into the blackness. The placement of the clock it the final room is yet another allegory of life. ...

Statistic Discussion Questions WEEK 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statistic Discussion Questions WEEK 6 - Essay Example (Investopedia, 2009) Correlation is a method which helps in measuring the relationship between two variables. It tells us about how one variable will affect the other. Correlation lies between -1 to +1. If it is positive then both the variables are directly related and if it is negative then both the variables are inversely related. It helps in making strategies because it helps in forecasting how the business will be and what decisions need to be taken. (Investopedia, 2009) Some people think that when two events occur together, then they have cause-and-effect relationship according to which, one variable causes the change in the other. This might cause damage to a company and might lead to massive loss. For example, if a company invests somewhere thinking that the correlation was the cause-and-effect relation, then the company might have to suffer huge losses. (Experiment-Resources, 2008) The dependant and independent variables are related to one another. It is assumed that for a certain amount of independent variable, there is a normally distributed amount of mean that shows the dependant variable. The equation these terms produce are best approximates and shows the functional relationship between the data

Pack Journalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pack Journalism - Essay Example And this, makes the journalist work never be the same again. Sometimes, the government that should have been protecting its citizen, including journalists, is the one allegedly involved in the killings of people in the media. Moreover, it is surprising to know that this is happening all around the world. Each country has its own stories of murdered journalist. What we can read in the news are American tank fired at the Reuters office, journalist abducted allegedly by Philippine Army, brutal murder of a journalist in Indonesia condemned, an American aircraft fired a missile at the al-Jazeera office, to mention a few. This situation is getting serious and must be stopped. Journalists are here to provide independent reporting and to deliver documentation of realities in life to the society. As years go by, the journalist work is getting riskier and scarier. From a mere observer who just re-tell stories from those involve, first hand sources, they are now largely moving into the limelight, but not for any better. Instead, the future of journalist anywhere in the world is getting dimmer and dimmer as what we can see unfolding through this rising incidence of media killings. The phrase "being read" is slowly changing its real meaning. Journalists are being read because of the news about other people or current events they wrote, which they have no involvement totally. This time they are still being read and that is only because they themselves are what the news story is all about. They are being harassed, threatened, and arrested. Just like the recent report from the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ). Two French TV journalists were arrested in Northern Cyprus, which believed the incident overshadowed plans of the Turkish authorities to reform press freedom laws. Journalists once again are becoming the victim of outworn laws and their practitioners. Moreover, this time it is more frequent, worldwide, and fatal. Locale and international organizations, like the IFJ, European Federation of Journalist (EFJ), The Union of Cyprus Journalists, continuously condemn such cases of violation of the journalists' rights and of the press freedom. The rights and freedom being blatantly violated today includes, In pursuance of this duty, the journalist shall at all times defend the principles of freedom in the honest collection and publication of news, and of the right to fair comment and criticism. Journalists worthy of the name shall deem it their duty to observe faithfully the principles stated above. Within the general law of each country the journalist shall recognise in matters of professional matters the jurisdiction of colleagues only, to the exclusion of any kind of interference by governments or others. There is no more freedom in the collection of publication of news. In many countries, they are being threatened in the reports being collected and in the news being printed. One female radio broadcast journalist after giving her comments and criticism on a particular government official, she was gunned down right outside the station. Previous to this incident, another radio broadcast journalist was shot and killed in his house. These two journalists happen to be husband and wife. Moreover, in the country they were is a democratic country with laws assuring freedom of speech and of the press. They need not to be in the midst of war to be hit by a bullet. There is enough bullet really intended for them and not

The religious believer Essay Example for Free

The religious believer Essay Explain the difficulties which the problem of evil poses for the religious believer. [35] Evil is a multifaceted term that can refer to moral evil (acts committed by human beings such as murder or rape) or natural evil (naturally occurring events such as famines, diseases and earthquakes). Both forms cause unimaginable human suffering. John Hick described evil as â€Å"physical pain, mental suffering and moral wickedness. † It is not surprising, then, that the existence of evil can be a stumbling block for religious believers. Evil and suffering poses an obvious problem for the believer who trusts in a loving and powerful God. As Epicurus surmised in his inconsistent triad, if God is willing but unable to prevent evil he must not be omnipotent. Or, he could be able to prevent it and doesn’t. This means he is not omnibenevolent, and is not worthy of worship. The existence of evil calls into question the traditional theistic attributes of God. Hume had very similar ideas to Epicurus, he wrote, â€Å"Epicuruss old questions are still unanswered. † The ironical Hume suggests that the god who designed the universe must have been a failure at the job and should have tried his hand at something else. The creator of our universe, says Hume, might have been a god in his dotage. Or perhaps he was `an infant deity still practising his craft. The suffering of children is a particular stumbling block for believers. It is understandable why sinful adults should suffer, but unless one holds to the doctrine of total depravity children are innocent. The Brothers Karamazov by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky explores this theme. It tells the story of brothers Ivan and Alyosha Alyosha is a holy young monk, whilst Ivan is a worldly-wise young man returning home from the big city. Ivan tells Alyosha he cannot accept the suffering of children, using the horrific practices of the Turks shooting babies when they invaded Russia as an example. Although a work of fiction, this tale mirrors the experiences and doubts of many believers. Friedrich Nietzsche, who famously announced the death of God, is another philosopher who tried to use the existence of evil and suffering to disprove God. A vehement critic of Christian morality, he thought that the concepts of good and evil were invented in the course of an elaborate power-game, as a way for weaker people to undermine the natural drives of their more powerful oppressors. However, suffering remained for Nietzsche one of the central problems of philosophy. Under the influence of his fellow German Arthur Schopenhauer – a notorious pessimist who wrote that the longer you live, the more clearly you will feel that, on the whole, life is a disappointment, nay, a cheat – Nietzsche saw suffering and tragedy as intrinsic to life and impossible to reconcile with the idea of a loving God. Furthermore, John Mackie argues that God could have created any possible world. The steps in his argument are as follows: God could have created any possible world, it is logically possible in one of the possible worlds that free human beings always acted rightly, therefore there is no logical contradiction in saying that in another of the possible worlds God could have created, ALL human beings always acted rightly. Gods failure to actualise this world means that he is not wholly good. This could pose a challenge to the faith of religious believers. If God is timeless, then perhaps [and this is debatable] God could not deliberate between alternatives he chooses the perfect universe that His perfect nature leads Him to create and the idea of His choosing between alternatives is not viable. If God is in time, He had to take a risk when creating the Universe and may not have known what human beings would do with their freedom. For instance in Genesis, Ch. 6 says that God regrets having made men and if this is taken literally it can imply that he was taken by surprise at what human beings had done. In order to combat this, several theologians have put forward theodicies to explain the existence of evil. The Irenaean theodicy is ‘soul-making. ’ Humans are in an immature moral state, though we have the potential for moral perfection. God brings in suffering for the benefit of humanity and from it we learn positive values. Contrastingly, Augustine put forward a ‘soul-deciding’ theodicy. He accepts God is perfect. The world he created reflects that perfection, but humans were created with free will. Sin and death entered the world through Adam and Eve and their disobedience. Natural evil is consequence of this disharmony of nature brought about by the fall. God is justified in not intervening because the suffering is a consequence of human action. The theodicy that is perhaps the least accepted among theists is the process theodicy. Process theology argues that the reality of God is not fixed and that God himself is still developing. God cannot force anything to happen, but rather only influence the exercise of this universal free will by offering possibilities. The possibility of evil has always existed. Ultimately, the question surrounding the origin of evil and suffering will never truly be solved with our fallible human understanding. Suffering needs to be understood in the overall context of God’s omniscient plan. Finite beings cannot understand. Suffering could be a punishment, or a tool to bring us closer to God. To quote Joseph Conrad, The belief in a supernatural source of evil is not necessary; men alone are quite capable of every wickedness. †

APC Hypermethylation as a Prostate Cancer Indicator

APC Hypermethylation as a Prostate Cancer Indicator Evaluation of APC Hypermethylation From Serum Samples as an Indicator for Presence of Prostate Cancer and Higher Gleason Score Abstract Purpose In this prospective study it is aimed to identify role of hypermethlation analysis of APC gene from serum samples on detection of prostate cancer in patients with PSA level 2,5-10 ng/ml and its correlation with GS of the patients Materials and Methods Data from 142 patients underwent prostate biopsy with PSA level of 2,5-10 ng/ml was analyzed. Hypermethlation analysis of promoter region of APC gene from serum samples was done via methlation specific PCR. Patients were grouped as positive or negative depending on results of methylation analysis and compared for presence of prostate cancer and GS distrubution. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of methylation analysis were calculated. P value of 0.05 is used for statistical significance. Results There were 48 patients (33.8%) in methylation (+) group and 94 patients (66,2%) in methylation (-) group. Prostate cancer was detected in 43 of 142 (30,2%) patients after the first biopsy and 32 of these patients were in methylation (+) group. sensitivity and specificity of methylation analysis were 74,4% and 83,8%. PPV and NPV were 66.6% and 88.30 %. When GS distrubutions of the two groups analyzed patients in methylation (+) group were more likely to have higher GS compared to methylation (-) group(p=0,03). Conclusions Hypermethlation analysis APC gene from serum samples have shown promising results with its correlation with prostate cancer and higher GS. Further studies on prediciton of survival with long term follow up are needed to verify its value on prediction of survival Introduction Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the most important medical problems of the male population as it is the most common solid neoplasm in Europe having the highest incidence of 202,100 cases in 2004 (1). It is not only common but also a dangerous disease that it is the second most common cause of cancer death in men (2). These findings prove the importance of detection of PCa. However identifiying patients with clinically significant disease is an important issue, that is to treat patients that really need treatment while sparing ones that have silent disease. The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) trial concluded that 1,410 men would need to be screened and 48 additional cases of PCa would need to be treated to prevent one death from PCa (ERSPC-3). These findings point out that current diagnostic tools are inadequate for screening and detection of clinically significant PCa (3). Epigenetic studies evolved in the era of urooncology in the last decade and DNA methylation is widely studied for certain urological malignancies especialy for PCa (4). Hypermethylation of promoter regions of tumor supresor genes results in gene silencing. This epigenetic change in APC gene promoter regions has been shown in cancerous and precancerous prostate tissues,serum, and urine of PCa patients and sensitivity and specificity rates of 27-100% and 50-100% have been reported (5,6). However the current literature lacks studies that investigate corrolation of results of methylation analysis from serum samples and clinicopathologic properties (grade and stage of disease) of patients. This point should be verified to identify applicability of this method in clinical practice. In this prospective study it is aimed to identify role of hypermethlation analysis of promoter region of APC gene from serum samples on detection of prostate cancer in a population of patients with PSA level 2,5-10 ng/ml and its correlation with Gleason score (GS) of the patients. Patients and Methods. This study was approved by ethical committe of Turkish Ministry of Health. All patients signed informed consent. The patients admitted to urology outpatient clinics of Ankara University Schol of Medicine with PSA level of 2,5-10 ng/ml and who were decided to undergo prostate biopsy were involved in the study. Serum samples were obtained from all patients prior to biopsy and 12 cores transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy was performed by a single radiologist. Age, serum PSA level, prostate biopsy results were recorded and patients were followed regardless of the results of methylation analysis. Rebiopsy was suggested to patients with benign histology and persistant elevated PSA levels 6 months after the first biopsy. Patients with biopsy results of PCa were evaluted for staging and treated based on their stage. GS of the patients were evaluated in 3 groups GS:6 , GS: 7 and GS:8-10. The patients were grouped as positive (methylation +) and negative (methylation -) based on methylation analysis results and compared with results of prostate biopsy. The primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of methylation analysis. As a secondary outcome measure the results were also compared with the GS groups. Genetic analysis DNA extraction Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples using a PureLink â„ ¢ Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen â„ ¢, catalog No. K1820-02) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and were stored at -20 °C until modification and MSPCR amplification. DNA integrity and quantity was assessed with agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry, respectively. For this purpose, 1% agarose gel was used and 260 nm and 280 nm optical density ratio values (OD260/OD280) were determined. Bisulfite Modification and Methylation-Specific PCR of APC and GSTPI promoters The genomic DNA was modified by sodium bisulfite treatment using the CpGenomeTM DNA Modification Kit (S7820, Chemicon, Temecula, CA). The DNA promoter methylation status of APC and GSTPI genes were investigated by MSPCR using the specific primers to methylated and unmethylated promoters. The methylated and unmethylated control DNA were also subjected to bisulfite DNA modification and PCR analysis, and serves as positive controls for methylated and unmethylated DNA respectively. H2O was used as negative control for the PCR reaction. The PCR reaction was started with denaturation at 95 °C for 13 min, followed by 40 cycles at 95 °C for 30 s, 56 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 30 s; and 72 °C for 5 min. Statistical analysis Continuous variables were compared using the t –test. Categorical variables were compared by the chi-square test..Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were calculated. Results Prostate biopsy was performed in 142 patients. The mean age of the patients were 68,3  ± 8,2 and mean ages of the methylated and unmethylated groups were not significantly different (67,8 vs 68,6 , p=0,47). There were 48 patients (33.8%) in group 1 and 94 patients (66,2%) in group 2. Prostate cancer was detected in 43 of 142 (30,2%) patients after the first biopsy and 32 of these patients were in methylation (+) group and 11 of them were in methylation (-) group. Based on these results, sensitivity and specificity of methylation analysis were 74,4% (95% CI: 58.83 % 86.46 %) and 83,8% (95% CI: 75.08 % to 90.47 %). PPV and NPV were 66.6% (95% CI: 51.59 % to 79.59 %) and 88.30 % (95% CI: 80.02 % to 94.00 %). When GS distrubutions of the two groups analyzed patients in methylation (+) group were more likely to have higher GS compared to methylation (-) group (p=0,041) and results are summarized in table 1. Second biopsy was performed in 12 (6 patients in each group) patients totally. At these second biopsies, PCa was observed in 4 patients, and all of them were in methylation (+) group. Based on the total results of first and second biopsies, sensitivity and specificity , PPV and NPV were reevaluated. Sensitivity and specificity of methylation analysis were 76.6 % (95% CI: 61.97 % to 87.68 %) and 87.3 % (95% CI: 78.97 % to 93.29 %). PPV and NPV were 75.0 % (95% CI: 60.4 % to 86.3 %) and 88.30 % (95% CI: 80.02 % to 94.00 %). Discussion Epigenetic alterations, such as hypermethylation of prompter regions of tumor supressor genes are associated with many human tumor types and this type of alteration have also emerged as markers for cancer risk assessment, cancer diagnosis, and therapy monitoring in several different types of cancer (7-10). APC is a well-characterized tumor suppressor gene and it downregulates Wnt signaling by targeting the transcriptional coactivator beta-catenin for proteasomal degradation and this prevents its association with the nuclear transcription factor Tcell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (11). The activation of Wnt pathway leads to deregulation of cell proliferation and differentiation and is a common feature of many human cancers including prostate cancer (12-14). Detection of clinically significant PCa at an early stage is still a great challenge and current imaging modalities are often not able to detect a tumor and biopsies may miss the tumor focus. Role of gene promoter hypermethylation in prostate carcinogenesis, has been studied recently and promising results to improve PCa diagnosis has been established (5-7). In this study methylation analysis of promoter region of APC gene is performed prior to prostate biopsy in serum samples in order to evaluate the the role of this analysis on prostate cancer detection. Serum samples were obtained from all patients prior to biopsy and PCa was detected in siginificantly higher rates in patients with positive methylation analysis. In their study Yoon et al. showed that APC methylation levels were significantly higher in PCa patients than in benign prostate hyperplasia patients. Moreover, APC hypermethylation was not only associated with the increased incidence of PCa but was also positively correlated with increased GS (15). This has also been shown in other studies indicating APC hypermethylation as a reliable predictor of PCa and of its aggressive feature (12,13). Similarly, in our study, methylation positive patients were found to have higher GS and GS>7 was not observed in any patient with negative methylation analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of APC hypermethylation has been studied on prostate tissue samples and high sensitivity (89.3%) and specificity (98.1%) rates have been reported (15). In our study, sensitivity of 74,4% and specificity of 83,8% was found. These results are slightly lower compared to results of Yoon et al. and this may be due to source of DNA, that is higher rates might be reached when analysis is made through prostate tissue samples compared to serum samples. Additionally the results may be effected from the detection method, including the primer design, reagents, detectors, equipment, and protocols, all of which potentially influence the sensitivity and specificity. The important point of our study is making the analysis from serum samples to evaluate its role in clinical practice. The lack of such studies has been emphasized in previous trials conducted on tissue samples (15). Repat biopsies is an important issue in PCa diagnosis in the study of Trock et al. (16) APC methylation provided a very high NPV with a low percentage of false negatives, in a clinical cohort of men undergoing repeat biopsy.In our study, repeat biopsy was performed in 12 patients (6 patients in each group) and all of the 4 patients with PCa detected in second biopsy were in the methylation positive group. Our study involves low number of repeat biopsies therefore further studies with higher number of patients evaluating role of hypermethylation analysis from body fluids should be conducted on the topic of repeat biopsies. Conclusion Prediction of clinical significance of PCa is of clinicial importance and hypermethlation analysis of promoter region of APC gene from serum samples have shown promising results with its correlation with prostate cancer and higher GS. Further studies on prediciton of survival with long term follow up are needed to verify its value on prediction of survival. Conflict of interest: None of the authors have any conflict of interest Ethical standarts: The study was approwed by ethical committe of Turkish Ministry of Health. References 1. Boyle P, Ferlay J. Cancer incidence and mortality in Europe 2004. Ann Oncol 2005 Mar;16(3):481-8. 2. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008 Mar-Apr;58(2):71-96. 3. Schrà ¶der FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al.Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1320-8. 4. Veeck J, Esteller M J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. Breast cancer epigenetics: from DNA methylation to microRNAs. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2010 Mar;15(1):5-17. 5. Kang GH, Lee S, Lee HJ, et al. Aberrant CpG island hypermethylation of multiple genes in prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. J Pathol 2004; 202: 233–40 6. Yegnasubramanian S, Kowalski J, Gonzalgo ML et al. Hypermethylation of CpG islands in primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 1975–86 7. Moritz R, Ellinger J, Nuhn P, Haese A, Muller SC, Graefen M, Schlomm T, Bastian PJ. DNA hypermethylation as a predictor of PSA recurrence in patients with low- and intermediate-grade prostate cancer. Anticancer Res 2013 Dec;33(12):5249-54. 8. Kim WJ, Kim YJ. Epigenetic biomarkers in urothelial bladder cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009;9:259-69. 9. Hoque MO. DNA methylation changes in prostate cancer: current developments and future clinical implementation. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009;9:243-57. 10. Ushijima T. Detection and interpretation of altered methylation patterns in cancer cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2005;5:223-31. 11. Rai K, Sarkar S, Broadbent TJ, et al. DNA demethylase activity maintains intestinal cells in an undifferentiated state following loss of APC. Cell 2010;142: 930-42. 12. Jeronimo C, Henrique R, Hoque MO, et al. A quantitative promoter methylation profile of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:8472-8. 13. Bastian PJ, Ellinger J, Wellmann A, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic information in prostate cancer with the help of a small set of hypermethylated gene loci. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:4097-106. 14. Gavert N, Ben-Zeev A. beta-Catenin signaling in biological control and cancer. J Cell Biochem 2007;102:820-8. 15. Hyung-Yoon Yoon, Young-Won Kim, Ho Won Kang, et al. Pyrosequencing Analysis of APC Methylation Level in Human Prostate Tissues: A Molecular Marker for Prostate Cancer. Korean J Urol. 2013 Mar;54(3):194-198. 16. Trock BJ, Brotzman MJ, Mangold LA, et al. Evaluation of GSTP1 and APC methylation as indicators for repeat biopsy in a high-risk cohort of men with negative initial prostate biopsies. BJU Int. 2012 Jul;110(1):56-62 Table 1. GS distrubutions of the two groups

The Cooper Union College

Morphosis is an architectural firm in California which was founded in 1972 by Thom Mayne. Morphosis has to its credit worldwide projects which include educational, residential, commercial and huge urban projects. Morphosis is the result of a combined effort of more than 40 professionals, with each of them working simultaneously to give state of the art designs, which are not only unique but also innovative. They are not only specialists in designing buildings but also experts in designing unique furniture and various accessories and other functional objects. The firm has more than 50 awards to its credit and received many other honors. The founder of this firm Thom Mayne did his Bachelors in Architecture from the University of South California and a Masters from the Harvard University, the Southern California Institute of Architecture was founded by him. Thom Mayne also won the Pritzker Architecture Prize for the year 2005, which is the topmost award in the field of architecture. Some of the other well known projects that the firm has worked on are the International Elementary School in Long Beach, California, the Diamond Ranch High School in Pomona, California, the Hypo Alpe-Adria Center in Klagenfurt, Austria and the Graduate House at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. The latest project that the firm is currently working on is the new academic building for the Cooper Union Colleges, in New York, which is going to house the Albert Nerken School of Engineering, and which is expected to be completed by 2008. All eyes are on this project, as the transparent faà §ade of the building is already attracting a lot of people, and this is also supposed to be the first green academic building in New York. The whole project will be coming up in a site area of 18,000 sq ft., and the project size was estimated to be around 180,000 sq ft. The building would include various facilities which include approximately 15,000 sq.ft of classrooms, 40,000 sq.ft of laboratories, 15,000 sq.ft of administrative and faculty offices, 4,000 sq.ft of centralized computer center other than a 200-seater auditorium, an exhibition gallery, lounge and multi purpose space, Art Teaching Studios and workspaces and student activity spaces. The new building is visualized as a vertical element which has a semi-transparent faà §ade that speaks clearly of the classrooms, laboratory and art studio spaces. The whole building is planned around a centrally located atrium, which goes all the way up to the height of the building. The whole building is connected with sky bridges and has many corridors with a clear view of the Foundation Building to the left. The whole building is designed for energy efficiency, sustainability and environment friendly. The technology used to build the building will not only conserve energy but also increase its effectiveness. The semi-transparent screen used on the outside of the building, helps keep the interiors cool in summer and warm in winter. The whole building is equipped with carbon dioxide detectors which can detect if the room is occupied or not, and will automatically dim the lights in those rooms which are not occupied, thus saving energy and electricity costs. The roof is also filled with greenery which does not require much maintenance, therefore keeping the building cool. The entire building is filled with lots of natural ventilation, which keeps the building airy and pleasant. This building is a perfect example of modern contemporary architecture with all modern amenities including the label of the first green building in New York. This project is a good example of the excellent design methodology and creative thinking of the whole design team of Morphosis. All the above features of the Cooper Union building is evidence enough of the aesthetic and creative sense of Morphosis. The fact that the firm has received so many awards shows the respect people have towards good design and architecture. Works Cited New Academic Building, Cooper Union,   Architecture-Page, 12 December 2007. Green Features, The Cooper Union Builds, 12 December 2007, < http://www.cooper.edu/cubuilds/green.html>. American Institute of Architects Announces Two Firm of the Year Recipients;   RATCLIFF and Morphosis Architectural Firms Take Top Honors, Find Articles, 12 December 2007, .                                 

How Social Media is Transforming Events Marketing Management Essay

It is believed that social media began prior to the evolution of the internet. The telephone was the first tool of social media that gave people the chance to socialize and gather information. However, at the turn of twentieth century, online communication became popular among various groups of society. People began to get into virtual communication with the use of cellular phones and computers. Social networking became popular because it was a venue to draw people towards one another. This was also very universal and its popularity was not limited to a certain age group. Amazingly, social networking and social media â€Å"become part of mainstream culture and the business world† (â€Å"History†). It was observed that social media became very valuable not only in socializing and information gathering but also in business where there has been greater dependence on the use of internet in promoting and marketing of products and/or services. Social media has provided the modern world with easy access to information, socialization and entertainment in the fastest way possible through the advancement of technology. Interestingly, the networks have become highly interactive and user-friendly that even a neophyte could easily learn to operate it in a short period of time. Social media has transformed into a powerful means of communication using numerous gadgets which have caught the interest of a larger number of people, the business practitioners take advantage of it to broaden the scope of their marketing. Truly, with the emergence of social media where people can communicate interactively with one another regardless of distance, business has been given a special place and opportunity to advertise or promote their business to a much bigger populace. Most authors have recognized the definition of social media provided by Wikipedia as the initial source of information about it. Gradually, different definitions have been formulated to increase people’s awareness of its definition. Safko and Brake mentioned that social media â€Å"refers to activities, practices, and behaviors among communities of people who gather online to share information, knowledge, and opinions using conversational media† (2009: 6). On the other hand, Evans has an expanded definition of social media. He stated that â€Å"Social media is the democratization of information, transforming people from content readers into content publishers. It is a â€Å"shift from a broadcast mechanism to a many-to-many model, rooted in conversations between authors, people, and peers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2008: 33). The author acknowledged various forms of communication utilized in social media such as â€Å"internet forums, message boards, weblogs, wikis, podcasts, picture and video† (2008: 33). Later on, it expanded to include â€Å"blogs, picture-sharing, blogs, wall-postings, email, instant messaging, music-sharing, group creation and voice over IP. † Social media has a vast potential as a channel through which promotional activities will be forwarded to its users. Social media’s unique features make it very usable and functional in marketing events. Evans stated that it is â€Å"fundamentally different from traditional media† (2008: 33) known as newspaper, television, books, and radio. Social media is interactive media. This is one advantage of social media over traditional media. Other advantages include: (1) it has different social online channels, (2) it changes over time, and (3) it is participative. The power to influence the audience is what makes social media appealing to business practitioners. Social media is real. Existing right in front of the computer communicating genuinely in a personal way to the customer about a product is very advantageous for those who are using social media in marketing or in public relation campaign. Given the real nature of social media, event marketing has come to its new shape. At the same time, event marketing has begun to utilize the services of social media in marketing and promotion. Though at some point, they cater to similar interests; that is, individual interaction and the participation of people with the company’s representatives. Pomer, on the issue of integrating event marketing and social media, described event marketing as a strategy â€Å"which focuses on face-to-face interaction by attending, sponsoring and speaking at trade shows, industry meet-ups, etc† (par. ). Bowdin, Allen and O’Toole described strategic event marketing as â€Å"the process by which an event organization aligns business and marketing objectives and the environments in which they occur, with marketing activities that fulfill the needs of event consumers† (2006:184). Event marketing has come to its new shape through social media influence No one could deny how soci al media, being a vehicle of information and communication, has transformed event marketing into a more meaningful and highly strategic promotional activity. In Bulmer’s article on the impact of social media on business, he stated that the trend today is to â€Å"build a network or use social media to deepen customer intimacy† (par. 1). Social media has been used these days without acknowledging this fact as Bulmer put it. He emphasized that, the ability of social media to â€Å"change behavior †¦ and †¦ to impact a professional’s decision-making processes† is the real essence of success in using this in business. Practically, social media’s approach in dealing with the audience in a genuine and an interactive manner somehow influences the approaches of event management to its customers. Event marketing management therefore becomes livelier, customer-oriented, interactive, personal, and dependent on audience feedback. There are several reasons for this. First, admittedly, as Shone and Parry pointed out that â€Å"human society is complex and interactive† (2004: 50). It means that regardless of culture, different societies celebrate in diverse ways, from the ancient period to the modern times, from a traditional way to a technological way; it makes no difference as long as events involve people and celebration or activities. Shaping event management following the principles behind social media will help draw a lot of people to the message because there is interaction and exchange of communication. Secondly, various events such as festivities, wedding, etc. serve to â€Å"strengthen social bonds as well as to spread enjoyment around† (Shone & Parry, 2004: 51). People’s primary intention for celebrating events publicly is to satisfy their longing for socialization and enjoyment. Thus, involving the community in events in such a way that they express inner satisfaction for socialization and enjoyment can make events management very successful. Shone and Parry stressed that without the â€Å"social contact that event often give, the feeling of isolation in society†¦ can be great† (2004: 51). Hence, event management must be in the context of the community’s perception of event celebration which is socialization and enjoyment. Given this, certain changes have been observed in conducting event marketing. Borges noted how businesses nowadays acknowledge social media as an â€Å"effective mechanism for reaching a target market† (2009: 57). He even emphasized that â€Å"myopic attitude† that a business executive has on social media will eventually lead him to lose the business. Moreover, a business executive having event marketing founded on social media will ultimately be â€Å"transparent, forthcoming, honest, sincere, and also to contribute something of worth† (Borges, 2009: 63). Since the events for the purpose of marketing require a group of community participation, the activities involved have had considerable improvement in terms of acceptable approaches in dealing with the community. The company’s marketing arm learns to be transparent, forthcoming, honest and sincere in everything they present before their audience. It is different from traditional marketing wherein its objective is purely making people buy or patronize a product using various ways to manipulate their decision-making. Hence, marketing an event for a product, presents live and active interaction and participation from the community online or offline. Event marketing management facilitates Social Media Marketing The great global financial crisis has brought to the mind of marketing managers the idea of utilizing social media in their promotional activities. The Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, Youtube, and many other social networking channels have been utilized for the purpose of marketing. The good news for marketing managers is that it is free. From the research findings presented by Bulmer in his article, he mentioned several impacts that social media has on business which helped transform event marketing to social media marketing. With such, he recognized the following findings: (1) decision making in the business world today is more social; (2) many professionals are using social networking sites particularly Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter; (3) many decisions have been drawn from information gathered through active users of social media; (4) many professionals trust the information they gather from the sites; (5) social media users have significantly increased in three years; and (6) many professionals collaborate well outside preferably using social media sites than within the organizational intranet (Bulmer). Hence, there is widespread recognition of the impact of social networking in business from the business world’s perspective. The growing business community participation in the online world proves the fact that â€Å"When you join a group online, you are joining a community† (Borges, 2009: 63). Social media started to become popular among groups of people for personal use primarily for communication purposes. Eventually, this became a good tool to interact, send greetings, and share information to friends. Most importantly, it had become a powerful instrument recognized to support the marketing arm of any business. Through social media, the way people do the business has transformed into ‘social sales’ because people believe in the power of online communication in mobilizing sales teams by building good relationship with customers. Shih recognized that social network marketing talks about the â€Å"breakthrough new marketing techniques made possible by online social networks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2009: 6). Some of these that she mentioned are: hypertargeting, enhanced ability to capture passive interest and conduct rapid testing and iteration on campaigns, social community engagement, and automated word-of-mouth marketing (Shih, 2009: 6). Furthermore, Tobin and Braziel emphasized that social media marketing plan is â€Å"based on engagement not traffic† (2008: 79) which means that this type of marketing focuses on â€Å"web events† or the interactions users have with features which could be in form of blogs, comments, post, video views, and many others. Importance of social media in marketing event Availing the use of social media for marketing purposes has a lot to offer to a business. Borges mentioned several benefits of social media aside from the fact that larger potential buyers who are receptive to new information and trend can be met through social network sites. Some of the benefits named are: low cost, brand building, staffing advantages, loyalty, level playing field, building trust, convergence of PR and social media for viral marketing, positive SEO benefits, quantifiable metrics, and educational (2008: 131-140). In terms of costs, social media requires a low budget which is almost free, for a service that values relationships. Brands are being built through a good content using the internet platform. Thus, it is simpler and appealing to consumers. Few, yet highly talented staff, who can work in an enjoyable work environment are needed when using social media because content is more important here. Using social media builds loyalty among internet users because of its being user-friendly. This is impossible to establish using advertisements and other promotional activities. Besides, all types of people can make use of it like anyone else regardless of economic or social status. Likewise, through a sincere voice in the content, the company can easily acquire trust from the people. In effect, social media as a PR tool can be an integral part of marketing activities. Furthermore, links attached to marketing in social media creates a bridge connecting to the company’s website thus increasing the chance of the customer browsing of the webpage. Learning is considered as one of the benefits of social media. Not only do the internet users learn but companies also learn. Armed with this information, social media has evolved from purely socialization and enjoyment to something highly beneficial to businesses. For this reason, there is no doubt for business executives to resort to using social media in one of the tools in marketing an event. Conclusion  Social media has begun existing without clear importance rather than for socialization and personal or group enjoyment. However, with the increasing popularity of social networking when the internet was introduced to the public in 1990, this form of social interaction gained remarkable importance not only among the general public but also among business groups locally and internationally. Indeed, the ability of the social media to satisfy the users with its personalized features, has led to the discovery that it could be a potential instrument in shaping the mind of the audience. Social media has unique characteristics. It can change perception, it is very appealing, and it is effective in marketing an event. However, any business executive who wants to use its service must understand how it serves the public. Its special features that draw people together from all walks of life are derived from an honest, transparent, forthcoming and sincere way of dealing with one another. This same way is expected among event marketers in order that marketing of events will be appropriate to users’ expectations.

Marketing Strategy Recommendation Essays - Marketing, Business

Marketing Strategy Recommendation Essays - Marketing, Business Marketing Strategy Recommendation Name Professor course Date Marketing Strategy Recommendation Reed supermarkets seems to be experiencing a new wave of competitors which is a problem that needs to be addressed. In this essay, I am going to provide marketing strategies recommendations which would help Reed supermarkets from this challenge. The marketing strategies recommendations are discussed below. The first thing for Reed supermarkets to do is to partner with their friends in the business. There are many marketing partnerships benefits which help in pushing a marketing campaign. For businesses, when they collaborate with other businesses, they tend into delivering better content(Ferell 218). To add on this, marketing partnerships are seen as cheaper in increasing, exposing business brand to a new market and bring success more quickly. Another marketing strategy recommendation which Reed supermarkets should factor in is that they should embrace user generated content. According to one survey which was conducted of 839 millennials, it showed that they spend approximately 5.4 hours in a day with the content created by their peers. This has represented a 30 percent of their total time in media and has been rivalled only of the traditional types of media while being combined that is television, radio, and print at 33 percent. You can be able into achieving this through having customers into sharing personal stories, exchanging their ideas, give them the tools for making an advertisement for you or through humour(Ferell 210). In the marketing strategies recommendations to help out Reed supermarkets, they should also help customers to solving their problems. As it was perfectly stated by Hubspot that one is in business for the reason of providing solutions to their customers or their clients. Some ways in which one can help customers into solving their problems is through responding or listening to your community, or in creating tools or applications which resolve a problem, giving exclusive offers which make customers lives easier and through creating how to content. The business should also create some campaigns just like Orca Chevrolet did which is located in Brazil(Ferell 218). The company partnered with local tow company and they were able to rescue stranded drivers in arriving in new Orca. Not only did they save the day but they were also able to help in giving drivers chance into test driving the car. In the marketing strategies recommendations to help out Reed supermarkets, they should allow the customers to interact. No matter the service or the product which one is offering, their customers want to interact with ones company, or the very least of other customers. An example is AMC, which created an online tool which allowed you the man made yourself(Ferell 220). Small business owners are connected by the American Express to each other and to some helpful resources by its open forum. Another marketing strategy recommendation which Reed supermarkets should employ is to experiment with the new channels and platforms. Business should not hesitate in trying out some new channels and platforms into promoting your brand. As the editor of chief Content officer magazine, Clare McDermott, who is the owner of Solo Portfolio, he points out that on the Content Marketing Institute, that the Fours seasons that they introduced the Pin.Pack.Go program to Pinterest(Ferell 230). This first campaign of the industry, he helped in allowing guests into co-curate customer travel itinerary by a Pinterest board. In conclusion, these marketing strategy recommendation when employed by Reed supermarkets would help in solving their problem. Other marketing strategies would involve; allowing your customers to be your biggest brand advocates and champions; and not forgetting the existing customers though its still important in obtaining new customers(Ferell 230). Work cited: Ferell O., Marketing Strategy, Cengage Learning, 2012.

New England and the Chesapeake Region Essays

New England and the Chesapeake Region Essays New England and the Chesapeake Region Paper New England and the Chesapeake Region Paper Both the New England and the Chesapeake region were settled by English people and to an extent, they did develop into two distinct colonies. The differences in the development that resulted have many reasons. One of the most important differences is their reason for immigration. The pilgrims, one of the earliest settlers came to America for three basic reasons, gold, glory and gospel. These people were seeking riches, adventure and were also eager to spread their religion, however they differed from they Anglican Church or church of England. Their goal was to come to America and purify the Church of England and prove to them their way was better, and then someday return back to England with their modified religion. In Document A, John Winthrop the leader of the Puritans writes about what they plan to do, before landing. Winthrop speaks of the city on the hill, which they picture as a model society, which they picture as a model Puritan religion and way of life shapes their colony and takes it in a different direction form the Southern Colonies. The pilgrims that landed at Jamestown in 1607 were not so religiously inclined as the Puritans. Document F, the history of Virgina written by the leader of the colony John Smith describes how hard it was in the first few years at Jamestown. There was little food, new diseases, lots of quarreling between the settlers and they had many problems with the indians, as mentioned in Document G. Many died from starvation and diseases in the colony and by the time the supply ship from England arrived, the colony was almost devastated. Another major difference in the Northern and Southern regions were their crops and what they produced. In the Northern colonies they mainlly were shipbuilders and fishermen because there were lots of the taller trees necessary for the masts of the ships. This turned the north into a primarily industrial area, while the south developed into an agricultural area. After tabacco was introduced to the colonists by Pocohotas, a friendl indian, they started growing tobacco and they later started producing corn, indigo and cotton, which later became their main crop. As you can see the Northern and Southern coonies were started for different reasons and the differences in beliefs, lovation and religon shaped the way they developed. The south became agricultural with their cotton, tobacco and corn crops while the north developed into an industrial region because of fishing and shopbuilding that occurred in the area.

Cuts the Word Peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cuts the Word Peace - Essay Example This essay gives various definitions about terrorism and traces back its origin. Further, it seeks to explain different types and forms of terrorism and its effects to the society, environment, and government. Terrorism bears itself the words destruction and violence. To some, it means death and hell. Probably, all over the world, this word has gone every corner of the society. Indeed, terrorism can be found anywhere, as long as there is life. Different walks of life especially the children, probably if asked, as to what they understand about it would answer, â€Å"terrorism is what the ‘Justice League’ (super hero characters) combating against.† Or, other school children might say, â€Å"Oh! It’s something I play with in the computer; don’t you play counter strike and plants versus zombies?† The dangerous influence brought about by terrorism has entered even into the young little hearts. It seems like everyone knows it, even a five year old c hild. Since the beginning of the recorded history, terrorism has been evolving with its meaning and image. As technology grows, there are many kinds of terrorism emerging in like a root of plant that enormously increases in length. Perhaps, it would continue to grow more until it reaches the depth of limits. The term terrorism comes from the root word ‘terror,’ which means overmastering fear (â€Å"Terror†). But if somebody would ask who created fear? ... Thus, terrorism was used to resist occupation. All countries upon the face of the earth have witnessed and even some had participated in the act of terrorism like invasion and war. The September 11, 2001 attack in the US World Trade Center is one work of terrorism. The terrorists behind this terrible thing intimidated the government and the society. Political leaders, analysts, and even the students of Political Science discipline know that this is a game played by a single or group of persons aiming to overturn the government and destroy its very foundation--the common people. Hence, here terrorism is defined as â€Å"the destroyer.† A boy playing counter-strike enjoys the thrill that the game creates. He might say, â€Å"This is good, I like the feeling of becoming a terrorist.† In addition, terrorism brings ‘horror’ in the minds of the ones who are fond of playing unusual games. It is like â€Å"putting the horror in the minds of the audience, and not n ecessarily on the screen† (Garrison 12). In addition, fear, horror, and terror are somewhat synonymous to the term terrorism. In an author’s point of view, where they usually define terrorism with concise examples, illustrations and provide the reader’s with a scene ‘like horror’. They used to claim that this term is a political act. Some described this word â€Å"as both tactic and strategy, a crime and a holy duty; a justified reaction to oppression and an inexcusable abomination† (â€Å"What Is Terrorism†). In addition, the FBI used to view the term as the unlawful use of force to further political or social objectives through violence. However, nowadays, terrorism has been into many forms--either small or great. In fact, it has reached the surface of cyberspace. The

HRD276 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

HRD276 - Essay Example Thus, it does more good to the employers if employees have rest for them to become highly productive. It is also important to consider that allowing employees to have a balance work with leisure makes them happy with their work. It is important to keep employees happy with their work for them to stay with the employers. If employees will leave, it will be costly for the employers to find replacement and to train a new employee. I believe that is the responsibility of the organization to provide the balance between paid labor and unpaid labor. I would leave the organization responisible because the organization needs the worker and it would cost the employer twice as much to replace them as it would to keep them and provide them the requested time off. If an employee needs a few less hours or a few less days why would it be such a big deal to give them those days off if you know this employee and you know they are not going to leave you. I believe that being a good employee should show a small type of soft side in your employers and allow you the time you need off. I know through work experience that has been done for me. I work over the summers and winters back at home at my high school. And now for my employers have trusted me with their time, familys, and also personal belongings. I believe that these employers would allow me to plan or do work for them and they can count on me to get it done. And also i f I ever needed anything I could count on them to help me out. Employees are not machines. We get tired and also needs to rest and have some leisure. When we are well rest and had recreation, we become more effective with our jobs and this is beneficial for the company. In addition, we also get attached with the company because we feel that they are taking good care of its employees. As a result, we stay with the company and the attrition rate of the company is low saving them the cost of hiring new

Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Literature review Example This paper aims to analyze the literature available on the concept of customer satisfaction; hence it is divided into two major sections for the purpose of defining a flow. Initially a very concise review of the concept itself is provided, in light of the literature available, it is then extended to cover and analyze in detail the parallel notion of service quality which is often at times considered to be in correlation with customer satisfaction. The second section focuses on the specific service industry aspect of E-banking services, the service itself is explained and described, followed by an analysis with regards to service quality in the E-banking sector, and furthermore in order to narrow the case in focus, the service quality of E-banking in the Saudi Arabian banking sector is taken under consideration. All the analysis is in light of the literature available with regards to the topics under study. ... tion as a concept has occupied a unique position in marketing practice and research on part of the academia, since the initial research and study undertaken by Cardozo (Cardozo, 1965) on the topics of customer efforts, their expectations and most importantly their satisfaction. Regardless of the fact that the researchers and analysts around the globe have put in great effort and numerous attempts have been made at defining the notion of ‘customer satisfaction’ and its measurement, there still exists no consensus amongst them. Customer satisfaction is most commonly regarded as the post consumption feeling and the evaluation on part of the customer about a particular product of service (Gundersen, Heide and Olsson, 1996). It is a judgment based on evaluation of the pre-consumption expectations from a product/service and the performance of the product on that scale of perception according to the post-consumption experience (Oliver, 1980). The concept which is most widely ac cepted and related to customer satisfaction is the concept is the ‘expectancy disconfirmation theory’, this was a theory devised by Oliver who claimed that satisfaction level is the gap between the expectation and the actual performance of a product. ‘Satisfaction’, which is regarded as the ‘positive disconfirmation’, occurs when the product’s performance is better than the expectation, while on the contrary, when the performance is less than the expectation then it is termed ‘negative disconfirmation’, or in simple terminology as ‘dissatisfaction’ (McQuitty, Finn and Wiley, 2000). Studies throughout time have shown that customer satisfaction has a major impact on business results, and it has been claimed that customer satisfaction has a positive relation with business